缺铁黄化对葡萄生长及果实品质的影响

Effects of Fe-deficient chlorosis on growth and fruit quality of grapevine

以生长在石灰性土壤上的鲜食葡萄(抗黄化品种红脸无核、玫瑰香,重度黄化品种藤稔、紫珍香)为试材,通过测定不同抗缺铁黄化葡萄不同叶位叶片的叶绿素、光合能力,统计植株坐果率,分析比较果实品质。结果表明,黄化对葡萄植株的生长、产量和品质造成严重的危害,主要表现在:葡萄植株发生重度黄化时,整个植株从下部到顶部逐渐出现轻度—中度—重度黄化叶片,植株生长缓慢;黄化叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率(Pn)较正常植株显著下降。黄化植株的绿叶、轻度、中度到重度黄化叶片叶绿素含量、Pn也显著递减;重度黄化植株紫珍香和藤稔坐果率极低,果粒大小和品质显著低于未黄化植株。

Trails were carried out with 6-year-old bushes of 2 grape cuhivars （Zizhenxiang and Fujiminori） severely sensitive to chlorosis and 2 cuhivars （Blush Seedless and Muscat Hamburg） non-sensitive to chlorosis grown on calcareous soil for studying the effects of Fe-deficiency on the growth and fruit quality by assessing chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis of leaves at different shoot positions and analyzing fruit set ratio and fruit quality. The results showed that chlorosis caused poor growth. Grapevines that developed severe chlorosis appeared gradually light-middle-severe chlorosis leaves. Compared with normal leaves, the chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis of chlorotic leaves were significantly decreased. The chloro- phyll content and net photosynthesis of leaves decreased gradually with increase of degree of leaves chlorosis. The vines of Zizhenxiang and Fujiminori cultivars suffering from severe chlorosis had lower or no yield and bad fruit quality compared with those normal vines..