优质大果杨梅新品系乌紫杨梅的生物学特性及其RAPD鉴定

Biological characteristics and RAPD identification of a new high quality and large fruit bayberry line Wuzi

乌紫杨梅是从浙江省象山县的自然实生资源中选出的一个优质、大果、早熟杨梅新品系。乌紫杨梅果实正圆形,果面紫黑色,单果重为23.49g;总糖、可溶性固形物和花色苷含量分别为83.6mg/g、13.26%、0.50mg/g,显著高于东魁杨梅;总酸为0.92%,比东魁略低;成熟期为6月15-24日,比东魁杨梅早7～10d。RAPD分析显示,乌紫杨梅新品系母本树与乌紫杨梅嫁接后代(嫁接第1代、第2代、第3代、第4代)的相似性极高,为0.94-0.98;他们之间的遗传距离也最小。而乌紫杨梅及嫁接后代与东魁、炭梅、水梅的之间相似性较低、遗传距离也相距较远。上述结果表明乌紫杨梅是一个不同于其他杨梅品种、后代表现稳定的大果、优质杨梅新品系。

Wuzi bayberry is a new bayberry line with large fruit size and high quality, which was selected from the natural bayberry seedlings. Fruit is round in shape with a purple black skin. The fruit mass is 23.49 g on average, containing a total sugar of 83.6 mg/g, SSC of 13.26% and anthocyanin of 50.15 mg/100 g, significantly higher than those of Dongkui bayberry cultivar; tiratable acid content in Wuzi bayberry was 0.92%, which was slightly lower than that in Dongkui bayberry. Wuzi bayberry ripened in mid -late June （16 to 24 June）, 10 d earlier than that of Dongkui bayberry. RAPD analysis showed the coefficients between Wuzi maternal plant and its grafted progeny were far higher than those between Wuzi maternal plant or its progeny and other cultivars. The genetic distance between Wuzi maternal plant and its grafted progeny was very short, however, the reverse was observed between Wuzi maternal plant or its grafted progeny and other cultivars. These results proved that Wuzi bayberry is a new genetically stable bayberry line with large fruit size and high quality.