中国建筑环境影响的生命周期评价

Life cycle assessment for China building environment impacts

为了量化评价建筑相关活动的节能及综合环境影响,提出了适合中国国情的建筑生命周期评价方法。分析了在原料掘取、建材生产、施工、运行、报废处置5个阶段带来的能耗、资耗、污染3方面的环境影响。应用该方法对北京某新建住宅进行分析。结果表明,在生命周期总能耗中,建筑生产过程、运行采暖、运行照明分别占20%、40%和24%。运输能耗占建材生产能耗的5%,不可忽视。运行用水在资源消耗中最大。聚苯保温层厚度超过100 mm后再增厚便会得不偿失。从生命周期角度进行分析能得到更全面的结论。

A life cycle assessment （LCA） framework was developed to evaluate building energy conservation and the environment impact of buildings in China. The building＇s life was divided into 5 stages： material acquisition, manufacture, construction, operation, and demolition, The environment impact was analyzed in terms of energy consumption, resource consumption, and environmental pollution. A typical case of a residential building in Beijing was analyzed. The results show that material acquisition and manufacturing account for 20% of the energy consumption, operational heating accounts for 40%, and operational lighting accounts for 24% of total building energy consumption in a building＇s life cycle. The energy used for transportation accounts for 5 % of the manufacturing energy use and cannot be ignored. The water used during operational also consumes resources. The polyphenyl insulation should not be more than 100 mm thick. More comprehensive conclusions can be abtained from a life cycle perspective.