葛洪《神仙传》创作理论考源——以《左慈传》为考察中心

A Study of the Creation and Theory of Ge Hong's Shenxian Zhuan: Centering on the Biographies of Zuo Ci

战国至秦汉的神仙方术传统和魏晋之际输入中土的佛教神通观是葛洪《神仙传》中左慈等方士变化之术的两个理论来源。其中后者极大丰富了道教物类变化术的表现类型,对中古志怪小说表现神通情节和神通道人起到示范作用,而此一特征早在葛氏写作《抱朴子内篇》时已肇其端。

Based on an investigation of the causes of the creation and theory of Shenxian Zhuan （神仙转） attributed to Ge Hong （葛洪）, this paper presents reasons and arguments that Taoist ideas about magical changes and Buddhist ideas about supernatural powers greatly impacted on Ge Hong＇s creative work about the alchemist tales. The tradition of theurgists from Warring States Period to Chin and Han Dynasties and Buddhist ideas about supernatural powers introduced from India into China during the Wei and Jin Dynasties are the two principal source of mutant skills of Han alchemists such as Zuo Ci （左慈） recorded in Ge Hong＇s Shenxian Zhuan. The Buddhist ideas not only afford an abundant supply of various types of mutant skills in Taoist tradition, but also show how the plots of theurgist and a supernatural or immortal being are described in tales of mystery and the supernatural （志怪小说）. We can also find that the above feature is first reflected in Ge Hong＇s Bao pu zi neipian （抱朴子内篇）.