基于GIS的两步移动搜寻法在北京市就医空间可达性评价中的应用

Application of the GIS-based two-step floating catchment area method in measurement of spatial accessibility to hospitals in Beijing

传统上用行政区内每千人病床数等指标来评价就医的空间可达性,并未考虑医院(供给)与人口(需求)的空间分布差异性及两者可跨越行政区界的潜在相互作用。基于GIS的移动搜寻法使用较小普查单元的人口数据,解决了内在的人口空间分布问题;移动搜寻域可以跨越行政区界,更合理地考虑病人与医院潜在的相互作用。本文通过北京市就医空间可达性的实证研究,展现了基于GIS的两步移动搜寻法在公共服务空间可达性评价方面的重要作用。

It is the traditional methods to use administrative boundaries such as cities as the basic spatial units for calculating sickbed to population ratios and measuring spatial accessibility to hospitals based on these ratios.Such approaches have been criticized for their inability to account for either the spatial variations of population demand and hospital supply within those boundaries or for population-hospital interactions across them.The floating catchment area(FCA)method addresses the internal distribution problem by driving population data from a smaller unit,the census tract.The potential cross border patient-hospital interaction is taken into consideration.The case study of spatial accessibility to hospitals is done in Beijing,which reveals some very importance results.