主观量度和“才”“都”“了2”的句法匹配模式分析

An analysis of syntactic matching patterns of the subjective scale of quantity and cái （才）, dōu （都） and le2（了2）

本文在现有主观量研究的基础上，进一步提出了“主观量度”概念，即主观量的量化等级，如“差量”“足量”“超量”等。语气副词“才”“都”和语气助词“了2”分别是不同等级主观量度的标记词：“才”表示“主观差量”，“了2”表示“主观足量”，“都”表示“主观超量”。受各自主观量度意义的制约，量度标记词“才”“都”“了2”在句法层面具有不同的组合要求。并在和数量结构匹配时形成了“数量结构＋才／都”“数量结构＋了2＋才”“才＋数量结构”“都＋数量结构＋了2”等句法结构模式。

Based on a study of subjective quantity, this paper puts forward the conception of subjective scale of quantity (SSQ), by which we have examined the modal adverbs of cái (才) and dōu (都) and the modal particle le2 (了2)and find that cái is a marking word for a subjective inadequate quantity, dōu is a subjective adequate quantity and le2 is a subjective super-adequate quantity. Restricted by their significances on SSQ respectively, they follow different syntactic patterns when matching with quantitative phrases (QP) to form constructions such as ‘QP+ cái/dōu’, ‘QP+ le2 + cái/dōu’,‘ cái+QP’, ‘dōu+QP+ le2’ ,etc..