1991～1993年中国5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡监测结果

Resultsofsurveilanceondeathofpneumoniaamongchildrenunder5yearsofageduring1991～1993inChina

为了解我国５岁以下儿童肺炎的死亡情况，以随机抽样方法，对１９９１～１９９３年全国８１个市县８５５万５岁以下儿童进行肺炎死亡监测。结果表明，肺炎仍是我国儿童死亡的最重要疾病。全国及农村不论婴儿、１～４岁，还是０～４岁儿童，肺炎均为第１位死因，占同年龄儿童总死亡的２０．０％～２５．０％。１９９１～１９９３年全国平均５岁以下儿童肺炎死亡率为１３１９．２／１０万，城市为２６６．４／１０万，农村为１５６２．２／１０万（为城市的６倍）。农村儿童因肺炎死亡者６３．０％死在家中，５０．０％仅接受门诊治疗，未治疗占１８．５％。监测结果表明，近１０年来，城市儿童肺炎死亡率有所下降，但农村儿童肺炎死亡率仍居高不下，欲实现２０００年全国５岁以下儿童死亡率下降三分之一的目标，降低儿童肺炎死亡乃是当务之急。

Toinvestigatefactorsrelatedtodeathsamongchildrenwithpneumoniaunder5yearsofage,wemadeasurveyofchildren′sdeathofpneumoniacovering8.55milionchildrenunder5yearsofagein81citiesandcountiesaloverthecountrybywayofrandomsamplingfrom1991to1993.Theresultsshowedthatpneumoniawasthemostimportantcauseofchildren′sdeathinchina.Inbigcitiesandruralareas,nomatterwhethertheywerebabies,theagegroupwasfrom1to4yearsrofrom0to4years,themortalityofchildrenwithpneumonia,about20.0%～25.0%oftotaldeathrateofthechildrenatthesameage,constitutedthemajorityofalchildren′sdeath.From1991to1993,theaveragemortalityofchildrenwithpneumoniaunder5yearswas1319.2/100000.Incitiesitwas266.4/100000,whereasinruralareasitwas1562.2/100000,6timesashighasthatincities.Ofthedeathsofchildrenwithpneumoniainruralareas,63.0%occurredathome,50.0%ofthemonlyacceptedoutpatientservice,and18.5%ofthemacceptednomedicaltreatment.Wecon-cludethatinrecent10yearsthemortalityofchildrenwithpneumoniainurbanareasisdropping.Butitremainsatahighlevelinruralareas.Toachievethegoalofreducingthedeathrateofchildrenun-der5yearsofagebyonethirdbytheyear2000,greatereffortsshouldbemadetoreducethemortali-tyofchildrenwithpneumonia.