骈文、律诗、对联之对偶论略

Brief Analysis on the Antitheses of Parallel Prose,Regulated Verses and Antithetical Couplets

骈文中的对偶,自刘勰之后,并不被特别关注,而骈文研究的整个历史状况所显示的,大多在骈文的范畴、历史渊源、名家别集、典故考证等方面。骈文中的对偶作为其文体特征,其在文章结构意义上的作用和诗歌以及对联都有着显然的差异。问题还在于,长期以来,从事汉语言文学研究的学人对于律诗中的对仗与对联中的对仗所持的基本观点认为:律诗的基本句型由“对联”构成,分为首联、颔联、颈联和尾联。因此,对联就相当于将律诗中的这种具有“对仗”特点的句型抽取出来的结果。这种观点屡见于各种学术著作的教科书。本文以为,考察骈文、律诗和对联中的对仗结构,将有利于骈文文本和骈议创作心态与契机的研究,有利于律诗与对联写作与鉴赏的深化。

Antitheses in parallel prose has not even ver,what the general historical condition of the research the category of parallel prose, historical origins, works been partcularly concerned since Liuxie. Moreoon parallel prose has＇ shown mainly appears in of famous experts, textual criticism of parallel prose, historical or/gins, works of famous experts, textual criticism of literary quotation, etc. The concept of matching is the literary style of parallel prose, and the function of the concept of matching in the arti- cle structure in parallel prose is obviously different from poetry and antithetical couplets as well. To make things worse, since many years ago, scholars engaged in the research of Chinese linguistics and literature have ever been possessing the following fundamental opinion on the concept of matching respectively in regulated verses and antithetical couplets：The basic sentence patterns in regulated verses are constituted by antithetical couplets and named respectively as 1^st and 2^td lines foming couplet（ in 8 -line poem） ,3^rd and 4^ th lines foming couplet （ in - 8 - line poem）, 5^ th and 6 th lines foming couplet （ in 8 - line poem ）, 7 th and 8^th hlines foming couplet（ in 8 -line poem）. Therefore, antithetical couplets are equal to the sentence patterns extracted from the regulated verses and with the feature of the concept of matching. The above opinion can be requently seen in various academic works and textbooks. The writer thinks observing and studying the concept of matching in parallel prose ,regulated verses and antithetical couplets is not only beneficial to the research of parallel prose text and creation psychology and critical point of parallel prose,but also beneficial to the further writing and appreciation of regulated verses and antithetical couplets.