论宋初兴文教抑武事的形成

The Forms of Liberal Education Promotion and Martial Arts Restraint in the Song Dynasty

宋初统治者吸取了五代时期武将得宠骄行所形成的君弱臣强的教训,改变统治策略,确立了“以文化成天下”的国策来巩固政权。作为为这一政治目的服务的国家文教政策则通过“兴文教”和“抑武事”的两个方面具体贯彻统治意图。一方面通过重振儒术和完善科举制度,用以提高文臣地位;另一方面又将“抑武事”作为达到长治久安的手段,对军事将领施以压制和打击。由此形成了在国家政治生活中文武分途的情景,在极大地提升了文臣地位的同时又使武将精神状态发生变化,造成了国家军事发展长期赢弱的恶果。

In order to strengthen political power, the authorities altered the controlling new policies in early song dynasty,which the culture and education were applied t try. The cultural and educational policies served and implemented this political aim tactics and founded o administrate coun- through two aspects, one called encouraging the culture and education, which was used to revise the Confucian school and heighten civil officiais＇social status, the other was restraining military cause, which were looked as a measure to dominate state fore ever by the controllers. Just because of these aspects, the civil officials and military officials had different status in political situation had changed absolutely and become low - spirited. Unfortunately,the country＇s military cause was made weak seriously.