塔里木盆地蜱类群落的分型和多样性分析

Classification and Diversity of Tick Community in Tarim Basin

目的对塔里木盆地区域的蜱类群落进行分类,了解和掌握不同蜱类群落的结构特征,探讨这些群落在整个区域范围的多样性。方法2004年3～5月,按地理区域和生态景观类型选择塔里木盆地区域19个县52个不同生态景观为调查点进行蜱类种类和数量调查,采用群落生态学技术方法,计算群落的丰富度、多样性和均匀性,并结合地质和植被环境指标,采用聚类分析法,对该地区的蜱类群落进行分类。结果调查点共采获蜱类5属10种18181只,以亚东璃眼蜱(Hyalommaasiaticumkozlovi,占35.7%)和亚洲璃眼蜱指名亚种(Hyalommaasiaticumasiaticum,占33.6%)为该地区的优势种类。根据环境的地质类型,植被的种类、丰富度和覆盖度将该地区的生态景观划分为7个群落类型。结论塔里木盆地存在着丰富的蜱类群落,且这些群落在该地区整个生态幅度上存在连续的梯度变化。

Objective To investigate the distribution pattern and structural characteristics of tick community and to understand the diversity of the communities in Tarim Basin. Methods According to the geographical division and habitat types, survey sites were selected, and tick samples were collected and their species were identified. With the methods of community ecology, the richness, diversity and evenness of the tick community were calculated. The communities were classified by way of clustering analysis in combination with the environmental index of geology and vegetation. Results Totally 10 species belonging 5 genera of ticks were collected in the Basin. Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum and Hyalomma osiaticum kozlovi were the dominant species in the area. The tick community was divided into 7 types in accordance with the environmental geology, vegetations, and their richness and coverage degree. Conclusions There are abundant tick communities in the area of Tarim Basin, and a gradient change of the communities is continued in the ecological amplitude of this area.