自我设限及其影响因素和对策

The Influencing Factors of Self-handicapping and Its Countermeasures in Education

自我设限是个体在完成任务之前面对可能到来的失败而预先设置障碍行为的过程,是个体面对可能到来的失败而采取的一种应对策略。自我设陷策略的使用存在性别和年龄的差异,并受到个体内部心理因素和外部环境因素的影响。预防个体自我设限一方面要营造合作型的学习环境,减少学习情境的不确定性,另一方面要增强学生的成功体验,提高其自尊水平。

Self-handicapping is a process of setting impediments when individuals predict the possible failure before undertaking certain tasks. It is a coping strategy adopted by individuals in the face of possible failure. There is difference in sex and age in the use of the strategy of self-handicapping, usually influenced by individuals＇ inner psychological factors and outer environmental factors. To prevent self-handicapping, on the one hand, it is necessary to set up a cooperative learning atmosphere so as to reduce uncertainty of learning context; on the other hand, it needsto increase students＇ successful experience and improve students＇ self esteem.