西魏北周六官制度新探

On the Liuguan(Six-Office)System During the Dynasties of Western Wei And Northern Zhou

宇文泰实行六官制度的目的并不是标榜神州文化正统,而是要笼络五大宿将以巩固西魏的统治。六官制度绝非单纯模拟尚书省的制度,它整合了西魏大统十二年以后的中央文官系统和部分武官系统,而又稍作调整,这是一套形式特殊实质却并不特殊的官制。杨坚代周以后,六官制度早已失去了初创时的背景,而且其弊端也更加明显,所以隋朝初建,即将其废除。六官制度的一些创造,对隋唐官制有一定影响,但是隋唐官制的主要渊源还是西魏大统十二年改革以后的制度。

The purpose of Yu Wentai practicing the Liuguan System was not advertising the legitimism. The Liuguan System was not simply imitating the Shangshusheng. It integrated the civil official system and a part of the military officer system of the central authorities after the Datong 12 years of Western Wei. It seemed special on the surface, but was not special in essence. Its abuses became more and more serious and were soon abolished after the founding of the Dynasty of Western Wei. It had some impact on the official system of the Sui and Tang dynasties, which mainly actually had origin from the official system formed after the reform of the Western Wei Datong 12 years.