浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)藻体发育的显微观察

Microscopic observation on the development of Enteromorpha prolifera (Chlorophyta)

通过显微镜观察以及石蜡切片法观察了浒苔属浒苔藻体的发育过程,阐述了浒苔从孢子释放到形成成熟藻体这一发育过程的显微特征。结果表明:浒苔孢子由成熟体细胞分化发育而成,每个成熟体细胞可形成10～30个孢子;孢子首先分裂为2细胞结构,2细胞具有明显的极性,基细胞发育成为假根,顶端细胞不断进行横分裂形成丝状体;丝状体顶端以下细胞通过纵分裂形成管状叶状体,顶端细胞始终保持横分裂;纵分裂分为切向分裂与径向分裂,切向分裂增加管状叶状体管周细胞数从而使管体增大,径向分裂形成管外壁突起细胞,最终发育为分枝;管状叶状体管腔内部有绒毛状的突起及糖蛋白成分的网架结构;当管状叶状体管周细胞达到30～50h,管腔内部突起消失,网架结构收缩拉紧,管壁细胞贴近形成片状叶状体;整个浒苔藻体始终保持极性发育。

After the observation on the development of Enteromorpha prolifera （Muller） J. Ag. by microscope and the paraffin-section method, the microscopic characteristics of the develop process from spores to mature thalli have been expatiated. Spores of Enteromorpha prolifera （Muller） J. Ag. were developed from mature thallus cells, every mature thallus cell could release 10-30 spores. Every spore divided into 2-cell structure after the first division, and this structure had obvious polarity. The base-cell developed into rhizoid, and the top-cell formed protonema by horizontal-division continually. Pipelike thallus was formed by vertical-division of the middle protonema cells, and top-cell kept horizontal-division. Vertical-division included tangential-division and radial-division, tangential-division made the pipelike thallus more thick, and radial-division made the branch formed. The internal cavum of pipelike thallus contained villiform protuberances and meshwork structures which were composed of glycoprotein. When the number of cells in cross section of pipelike thallus reached 30-50, the villiform protuberances disappeared and the meshwork structures became tight, then the mural cells of pipelike thallus adhered and the foliolose thallus formed. The total developmental process of Enteromorpha prolifera （MUller） J. Ag. kept polarity.