印度古代和中世纪的种姓、外族入侵和宗教文化问题

Caste,Foreign Invasion and Plurality of Religion and Culture about India in the Ancient Times and Middle Ages

印度地理构成复杂多样,在印度古代和中世纪交通设施不发达的情况下造成了整个印度地域版图的分散性。种姓制度是维系印度社会框架的基础,它在地理因素的基础上加固了社会的横向和纵向的分隔,这种分隔为印度历史上不断的外族入侵提供了可乘之机,也使印度在长期的政治分隔中无法取得地域和思想文化的一统,从而产生了多种宗教并出现了多元的文化类型。而多元的宗教和文化又使印度民众在思想取向上呈现差异。独特的种姓制度、频繁的外族入侵以及多元的宗教和文化,这些印度古代和中世纪存在的问题在很大程度上是互为因果的,同时也构成了印度最为显著的历史阶段特征。

Under the situation of undeveloped transportation facilities in ancient and Middle Ages, because of the plurality of Indian geography, the separation of the whole Indian Territory is caused. Caste system is the foundation of Indian social frame, which strengthens the vertical and horizontal separation of the society in addition to the geographical factors. This provides an opportunity for the foreign invasion in Indian history, and it makes India unable to achieve the unity of territory and ideological culture, which generates a plural cultural model. Plural religion and culture cause diverse thoughts among Indian plebs. Special caste system, frequent invasion and multiple religion and culture which exist in ancient India and Middle Ages are of cause and effect relationships with each other, and they construct a significant characteristic in this historical stage in India.