内圣外王之道与儒家文论话语构建的原初向度

A study of the prototypical orientation of the principle of saint inside and king appearance and the discourse structure of Confucius literary criticism

内圣外王之道是对儒家理想的表达,其旨在于内足以资修养而外足以经世。“以六艺为养”的儒家从内圣工夫看待“诗”、“礼”、“乐”、“言”,不仅从创作方面为文艺树立了高远的理想,更赋予文艺一种切关存在意义的根源性。从外王事功视野看待“诗”、“礼”、“乐”、“言”,则文艺被纳入制度文化论域当中,对其功能价值的判定也就自然以制度文化建设为准绳,其最终指向便是通过文艺整顿人心、和合天下,造就上下有序、协调和睦的理想社会秩序。不过,内圣与外王之间的存在论断裂也造成儒家文论的结构性冲突。

The principle of saint inside and king appearance is the representation of the ideals of Confucianism, whose intention was to achieve internal accomplishments and external excellent performance. Confucianism characterized by ＂the six arts＂ saw poetry, courtesy, music and speech from the perspective of saint inside, therefore, it not only set higher pursuit for literature and art, but also endowed literature and art with originality. Seen from the perspective of king appearance, literature and art was placed under the category of institutional culture. Hence, judgement of its function and value was naturally based on the development of institutional culture. Its ultimate orientation was to adjust man＇s mind, create order and coordinate a harmonious society. But the gap between saint inside and king appearance was the cause of the structural conflict of the literary criticism of Confucianism.