非洲国家安全面临的挑战

The Security Challenges Confronted by African Countries

冷战结束后,美苏对抗的终结、新南非的诞生、联合国维和与非洲自主维和行动的加强,给非洲安全增添了建设性因素。而非洲仍然是当今世界上局部动乱和武装冲突的高发地区。地方民族主义往往酿成一国之内的族群冲突,对中央权威形成挑战;20世纪90年代以来的多党民主化运动加剧了地方民族主义,侵蚀着民族团结和国家统一。国际恐怖主义肆虐、艾滋病蔓延和非法武器交易泛滥等非传统安全因素所起的消极作用也不容忽视。

In the wake of the Cold War, Africa's security situation has been greatly improved, with an end to the US-Soviet confrontation in the continent, the emergence of a new South Africa, the UN peace-keeping operations deployed and the African peace-keeping capacity strengthened. Nevertheless, Africa remains the most unstable and armed conflict-ridden region of the world. Ethnic regionalism often gives rise to ethnic confrontation on the national scale, thus posing challenges to the central authority. The multi-party democracy movement launched since the 1990s further boosted the ethnic regionalism at the cost of ethnic solidarity and national unity. Moreover, non-traditional security factors such as rampant international terrorism, the aids pandemic and the smuggling of illegal small arms also bear negative effect to Africa security that can not be overlooked.