社会核算矩阵及其平衡方法研究

Study about Balance of Social Accounting Matrix

社会核算矩阵(SAM)是国民经济核算的一种重要形式,由于其数据来源多样且数据依赖于统计时间,这就决定了必须找到一个比较科学的方法对社会核算矩阵进行数据的调整与平衡。RAS方法与交叉熵(CE)方法是应用较为广泛的两种方法。本文通过比较研究认为,RAS方法是CE方法的一个特例———最小交叉熵模型,而CE方法是RAS方法的一般化,二者在实践应用过程中的取舍取决于研究者研究的侧重点。理论研究表明,当研究者侧重研究名义流的变化时,无疑RAS方法是首选;而当我们拥有各方面的信息来源并且用于结构变化的分析时,无疑CE方法是首选。但二者在实际研究中的优度比较仍是值得研究的问题。

The social accounting matrix （SAM） is one kind of important forms in the national economy calculation. Because its data originates diversely and the data relies on the statistical time, there must be a quite scientific method to balance the SAM. The RAS method and the cross - entropy （CE） method are applied widely. This article argues through the comparison research that, the RAS method is a special case of CE method minimum cross - entropy model, but the CE method is a generalization of the RAS method. The choice in the practical application depends on the emphasis point, which the researchers care about. The fundamental research indicates that the RAS method is the first choice when the researcher stresses on the change of name flows. While we have the information from various aspects to analyze the structural changes, the CE method is a first choice. But comparison of RAS with CE remains a subject for future research.