英语词汇划分的目的、角度、类别及启示

The Aims,Perspectives and Types of Classification of English Vocabulary and Their Heuristics

从语言内部对词汇划分所遵照的一般标准基本上已被普遍接受,即形式、意义和功能,根据这一标准划分出来的类别即实词和虚词、词和熟语也几乎人所共知。但还有几方面需要引起更多的关注,即划分的不同目的和角度,因而不同的标准和类别,以及各个类别自身的一些特征。由于目的和角度不同,标准会不一样,即便同一标准侧重面也会不同。本文首先对划分的目的、角度和类别特征进行简要的分析,然后尝试着把英语词汇划分为框架词、属性词和关系词三大类,最后总结出一些启示。

The form, meaning, and function of a linguistic unit as the general criterion of the intralinguistic classification of vocabulary is basically accepted. The classifications in terms of the criterion, namely content and function words, words and idiomatic phrases, are also well known. Some other aspects of the classification, however, should be paid more attention to, i. e. , different aims, and hence different angles, finally different criteria, thus different types with their own characteristics. Owing to difference in aims and angles, the criteria would be different, or the emphasized aspects of the same one criterion would be different. This paper focuses on brief analyses of the aims and perspectives, and the characteristics of the types, then proposes one more type of classification, i.e. frame words, relation words, and function words, and finally draws some heuristics.