贫困大学生自尊、自我控制及一般自我效能感与主观幸福感的关系

A study of the relationship between the self-esteem, serf-control, general self-efficacy and subjective wellbeing of impoverished college students

目的 探讨贫困大学生自尊、自我控制、一般自我效能感与主观幸福感的关系。方法以哈尔滨工程大学216名贫困大学生和169名非贫困大学生为对象，采用自尊量表、控制圈量表、一般自我效能感量表和总体幸福感量表进行测试，运用t检验和多元线性回归方法进行分析。结果贫困大学生的主观幸福感明显低于非贫困大学生[（76．29±11．92）分vs（79．73±10．28）分，t=2．98，P=0．003]；多元线性回归表明，自尊、自我控制二因素对贫困大学生主观幸福感有显著影响（R^2=0．273，Beta=0．369／0．243，t=4．926／3．239，P=0．000／0．002），自尊、一般自我效能感二因素对非贫困大学生主观幸福感有显著影响（R^2=0．220．Beta=0．340／0．195，t=4．672／2．680。P=0．000／0．030）。结论 经济上的贫困导致贫困大学生主观幸福感降低；自尊反映了个体自我接纳和自我满意的程度，因此对贫困大学生主和非贫困大学生主观幸福感都有显著影响；贫困大学生心理压力较大，因此心理控制感对其主观幸福感有显著影响。

Objective Purpose of the study is to explore the relationship between the self-esteem, selfcontrol, general self-efficacy and subjective well-being of the impoverished college students. Method The author adopts the following methods： 216 impoverished college students and 169 non-impoverished college students of Harbin Engineering University were collected as the subjects; they were tested with SES, SOC, GSES and GWB and analyzed the result of the test by t -test and linear regression. Result Impoverished college students＇ subjective well-being is endently lower than those non-lmpoverished college students＇（76.59 ± 1 1.95/79.73 ± 10.58, t = 2.98, P = 0.003 ） ;linear regression indicates that the factors of self-esteem and self-control have an effect on sub- jective well-being of impoverished students （ R2 = 0. 573, Beta = 0. 369/0. 543, t = 4. 956/3. 539, P = 0. 000/ 0.002） ; the factors of self-esteem and general self-efficacy have an effect on subjective well-belng of non-impoverished students （ R^2 = 0.250, Beta = 0. 340/0. 195, t = 4. 672/5. 680, P =0. 000/0.030 ）. Conclusion Economic poverty leads to the reducing of subjective well-being; The self-esteem reflected the degree of self, satisfaction of the individual oneself, therefore the self-esteem has an effect on subjective well-being of impoverished and non-impoverished students. Impoverished students have a heavier mental pressure, so the felling of mental control have an effect on subjective Well-belng.