中国有机肥料研究进展

Research Progress of Organic Fertilizer in China

有机肥料是改善土壤理化性质的重要物质,对提高土壤肥力、作物产量和品质及增强作物抗逆性具有相当重要的作用。针对近年来有机肥料在中国肥料施用上的比重逐渐下降的现实,介绍了有机肥料的内涵及类型,论述了以下问题:(1)有机肥料对土壤的培肥作用,包括对土壤养分(氮、磷、钾、微量元素),土壤有机质及结构,土壤酶活性的作用;(2)有机肥料对提高作物产量、品质及抗逆性的作用。同时,指出了当前有机肥料应用中尚存在的问题,并对今后发展进行了展望。

Organic fertilizer is an important factor for improving the physical and chemical characters of soil. It has important function on increasing soil fertility, the yield and quality of crops and could enhance the ability of crops to resist adversity. In the view of gradually decreasing proportion of organic fertilizer, then the meanings and types of organic fertilizer are introduced; some questions are discussed. （1）function of organic fertilizer on soil fertility, including on nutrients （nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, minim elements）, organism and structure of soil, active characters of soil enzymes. （2）function of organic fertilizer on increasing yield, quality and abilities to resist adversity of crops .Also the problems lying in current organic fertilizer applications and the aspects are described.