富营养化湖泊开敞水域水质净化的生态工程试验研究

Ecological engineering of drinking water improvement experiment in the open area in eutrophic lakes

通过生态工程的方法,可以在短时间内迅速改善富营养化湖泊水源地的水质,这在全流域很难实现控源截污和全湖水质难以在短时间内迅速改善的情况下,具有快速见效的作用.以往之所以在开敞水域鲜有湖泊生态恢复成功的例子,原因是过于强调水生植物种植本身,而忽视水生植物及草型生态系统与外部环境条件的关系.影响水生植物恢复和草型生态系统培植的因素,既有物理方面的因素,也有化学和生物方面的因素.只有消除那些对水生植物生长不利的影响,创造有利的环境条件,才能够培植一个具有净化能力的草型生态系统.因此,生态修复应该遵循“先诊断,后治理”和“先环境改善,后生态修复”的技术路线.太湖梅梁湾水源地水质改善生态工程试验正是在这样的思想指导下实施的.本专栏所选录的论文就是这项工作的部分内容.

Throughout ecological engineering, the eutrophic lake water in drinking water sources could be quickly improved. This is important for these eutrophic lakes to which the external pollutant loading couldnt be controlled in short period and the water quality of whole lake couldnt be improved. But eutrophic lake harness with ecological engineering hasnt any success, which may attribute to the past efforts just concentratod on the macrophyte planting itself whereas the environmental conditions which will determine the macrophyte growth has been totally ignored. In fact, there are a lot of factors could affect the growth of macrophyte including physical parameters such as wave, current and under irradiance as well, chemical parameters such as nutrient concentration and redox, and biological factors such as algal hloom etc. Only these negative factors would be eliminated, the restoration of macmphyte and macrophytc dominant ecosystem would become possible. Thus the macrophyte restoration should follow ＂The first to identify the ecological issue, the second to harness it＂ and ＂The first to improve the basic condition, the second to restore macrophyte＇. Based on this principle, the ecological engineering experiment for drink water improvement in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu had been conducted. The papers included in this specific column are a part of this project.