我国煤炭开发生态补偿现状、问题与对策

THE STATUS,PROBLEMS AND RESPONSES OF ECOLOGICAL FOR COAL EXPLOITATION IN CHINA

我国目前新建和改扩建煤矿生态补偿费,主要来源于国土管理部门执管的“矿产资源补偿费、土地复垦费、耕地开垦费、征用耕地补偿费、土地出让金和临时土地补偿费”等,但在实际操作中仅能保证建设期造成的生态受损补偿,生产期的生态补偿大多不到位。我国目前正在少数矿区试验探索企业出资/企业复垦模式,企业出资/地方政府复垦模式,企业与政府出资联合复垦模式,国家出资/政府组织复垦模式,以及招商引资复垦模式,但尚未形成长效的运行机制。结合我国国情,借鉴美国、德国、加拿大等发达国家的矿区土地复垦制度,有利于促进我国煤炭开发生态补偿机制的及早形成。

The current fees of ecology compensation for establishment and expansion coal mine in China, mainly come from ＂ the mineral resources taxes, compensation fees for resources, the land of shifting costs, the land reclamation costs, the exploitation of land compensation costs, the transfer of land and temporary compensation＂by provided in Department of State Land Adminisa＇ation. but in the actual operation, only to ensure that the compensation for ecological damage during the construction period, the compensation for ecological damage not in place during production period. In a few mines, China is currently testing patterns of enterprises providing fund, enterprises reclamation, patterns of enterprises providing funds, local governments reclamation, patterns of business and government- funded joint reclamation, patterns of the State - funded, governmental organization, and the shifting business reclamation, but have not yet formed long operational mechanism. In the conditions of our country, from the United States, Germany, Canada, and other developed areas of cultivated land system and helps promote the development of China＇ s coal to the early formation of the ecological compensation mechanism.