歌德《浮士德》的悲、喜剧精神之辨

The Dispute on the Spirit between Tragedy and Comedy in Goethe's Faustus

歌德的《浮士德》究竟是悲剧还是喜剧?这种争论至今没有停歇。其根底在于《浮士德》“以悲剧开始,而以歌剧告终”。人们则往往各置一端来证明其或悲或喜。其实,浮士德失明与否是全剧的关键情结。正是这一情结使得《浮士德》在其悲剧之旅中有了光明的结局。也正因为如此,使得该剧充满了“痛苦的神秘”,使得人们对其悲喜剧精神的理解与把握变得扑朔迷离。本文试从神话原型理论出发,来解读“失明”这一情节意象的原型意义,并且全面把握《浮士德》所真正表达的精神。

The dispute on Goethe＇ s Faustus,whether is is a tragedy or a comedy ,has never.ended since the book is made.The basic reason is that Faustus begins with the tragedy and ends with the opera.But the people always hold one side of them to prove that it is a tragedy or a comedy： In fact,the key complex of it is whether Goethe is blind Because of the complex,there had a bright ending in the tragedy and it was filled with painful mystery that made people comlicated .This article,on the basis of the theory of myth-arthetype criticism,is to interpret the arthetypical meaning of the image blind,and to comprehensively grasp the sprite that Faustus really expressed.