同种原位心脏移植手术的麻醉处理

Anesthetic management for orthotopic heart transplantation

回顾总结2004年6月至2005年12月阜外心血管病医院43例同种原位心脏移植手术,分析和讨论同种原位心脏移植手术病人的麻醉处理经验及相关问题。静脉注射依托咪酯0.2-0.3 mg／kg、芬太尼5-15μg／kg或舒芬太尼50-100μg、维库溴铵0．1 mg／kg或罗库溴铵0．6 mg/kg麻醉诱导;间断给予芬太尼5-15μg/kg或舒芬太尼50-150μg、维库溴铵0.05 mg／kg或罗库溴铵0.15 mg/kg,吸入1％-2％异氟烷,持续静脉输注异丙酚3-6mg·kg-1·h-1维持麻醉。升主动脉阻断时间为57- 133min、体外循环时间为123-230min。体外循环后静脉持续输注多巴胺、肾上腺素和异丙肾上腺素维持循环稳定;静脉输注硝酸甘油、一氧化氮和前列环素维持肺动脉舒张、降低肺动脉压。体外循环后除1例因持续性心动过缓应用临时起搏器外,其余均恢复满意的窦性心律;所有病人移植后心脏功能满意。围术期免疫抑制方案采用巴利昔单抗、环胞霉素A、霉酚酸酯和皮质激素四联方案。除1例心肾联合移植病人术后3个月死于感染致多器官衰竭外,其余病人均无任何排异反应和并发症、痊愈出院。平稳的麻醉诱导和维持、围术期稳定的血液动力学、良好的供心保护、免疫抑制治疗等是保证心脏移植手术成功的关键。

From June 2004 to December 2005 anesthesia was done for 43 patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation （OHT） in Fuwai Hospital. Most patients were premedicated with oral diazepam 5-10 mg, and intramuscular morphine 0.2 mg·kg^-1 and scopolamine 0.1-0.3 mg. Radial artery was cannulated and Swan-Ganz catheter was placed. ECG, direct BP, HR, CVP, PAP, CO, SpO2 , SvO2 , PEr CO2 were monitored before and during operation. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 1-3 mg, etomidate 0.2-0.3 mg·kg^-1, fentanyl 5-15μg·kg^-1 or sufentanfl 50-100μg, vecuronium 0.1 mg· kg^-1 or rocuronium 0.6 mg·kg^-1, and maintained with isoflurane inhalation and propofol infusion and intermittent i.v. boluses of fentanyl or sufentanil and vecuronium. Hemodynamic suppression was mild during anesthesia. The average duration of aortic cross-clamping and CPB was 57-133 min and 123-230 min. The cardiovascular support used for weaning the patients from CPB included dopamine, ephedrine and isoproterenol. Nitroglycerin, NO and iloprost were administered for pulmonary artery vasodilation. Pacing was started at the termination of CPB because of bradycardia in 1 of 43 patients. Sinus rhythm appeared after the patients were weaned from CPB and the function of the transplanted heart was satisfactory. Basiliximab, cyclosporine A, cellcept and methyl predIlisolone were administered for during perioperative period. Forty-two of the 43 patients were discharged from hospital without any rejection episodes or other complications. One patient died of multiple organ failure after heart-kidney transplantation.