广西寄宿学校饮水卫生现状和水传肠道传染病调查

Drinking Water Quality and Intestinal Infectious Diseases in Urban and Rural Boarding Schools in Guangxi

目的了解广西城乡中小学寄宿学校饮水卫生安全现状,为政府相关决策部门提供科学依据。方法于2005年11月整群随机抽取近几年曾发生过学校内肠道传染病疫情的广西南宁、柳州、桂林3个地级市所辖的10个县(市);在确定的县(市)内按4∶4∶2的比例分别随机抽取4所高级中学、4所初级中学、2所小学共100所寄宿学校,开展饮水卫生状况调查,并分析了2000—2005年被调查学校水传肠道传染病发病情况。结果寄宿学校水质总合格率仅为27.00%。其中,市政供水学校均合格,无消毒设施自备水源合格率最低(16.95%)。乡镇供水(82.35%)和无消毒设备自备水源总大肠菌群超标率(76.27%)高于有消毒设备自备水源(31.58%),无消毒设备自备水源粪大肠菌群超标率(71.19%)高于有消毒设备自备水源(31.58%),经χ2检验,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。无消毒设备自备水源、乡镇供水寄宿学校水传肠道传染病发病率高于有消毒设备自备水源,经χ2检验,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论该次调查的寄宿学校饮用水微生物污染严重,且与水传播肠道传染病的发病密切相关。应加强学校饮水卫生管理。

Objective To know the drinking water safety for students and teachers in urban and rural boarding schools in Guangxi, further to prevent and control the water-borne diseases. Methods The random stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 100 schools in 10 counties of Nanning, Liuzhou and Guilin cities. The drinking water samples were collected and tested according to Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water Quality（2001）. The epidemic situation of intestinal infectious diseases was investigated. Results The total qualified rate of drinking water quality in 100 boarding schools of 10 counties （cities） was only 27.00%, as for the water supply provided for themselves with disinfection, the qualified rate was 47.37%, without disinfection, it was 16.95%. 24 outbreak events of intestinal infectious diseases oecured in 100 boarding schools in 2000-2005, 2 339 of school teachers and students were attacked, including 13 outbreak events of typhoid and paratyphoid （54.17%） with 1 280 cases （54.72%）, 6 outbreak events of bacterial dysentery（25.00%） with 829 cases（35.44%）, 4 outbreak events of infectious diarrhea （16.67%） with 225 cases （9.62%）, 1 outbreak of hepatitis A （4.17%） with 5 cases （0.21%）. These 24 epidemic events were caused by drinking water, the morbidity was higher in the schools where there was no disinfection facility in water supply. Conclusion Some of water supply for some urban and rural boarding schools have been poUuted with bacteria in Guangxi, so drinking water disinfection should be done to ensure water safety and prevent the related diseases in these schools.