氯代硝基苯催化加氢制备氯代苯胺的研究进展

Recent progress in selective catalytic hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene to chloroaniline

综述了近年来氯代硝基苯催化加氢制备氯代苯胺的研究进展。对铂基、钯基、钌基和镍基非均相催化剂的结构和催化性能进行了比较,讨论了催化剂助剂抑制脱氯副反应的机理。铂基催化剂活性和选择性较高,但是铂金属价格昂贵,且不能完全避免脱氯副反应;钯基和镍基催化剂活性好,但脱氯严重,通常需要引入脱氯抑制剂或使其形成非晶态合金提高产物的选择性;钌基催化剂的活性比铂基、钯基、镍基催化剂低,但选择性高,如何提高钌基催化剂的催化活性是今后的研究方向。

The recent progress in selective catalytic hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene to chloroaniline is reviewed. The characteristic properties of platinum, palladium, ruthenium and nickel-based catalysts are summarized. The platinum-based catalysts have high activity and good selectivity, but Pt is very expensive and the hydrodechlorination side-reaction could not be fully suppressed; The palladium and nickle-based catalysts have very high activity, but the selectivity to chloroaniline is low with serious side-reaction. Amorphous alloy has good catalytic performance, while its stability has to be improved. The ruthenium-based catalysts have the highest selectivity at reasonable conversion, indicating a good potential for industrial application. Future research should focus on improving the activity of Ru-based catalyst.