我国煤巷锚杆支护技术的新发展

New development of rock bolting technology for coal roadway in China

系统介绍了锚杆支护技术的最新研究成果.在支护理论方面,认为锚杆支护的主要作用在于控制锚固区围岩的离层、滑动、张开裂隙等扩容变形与破坏,最大限度地保持围岩完整性,避免有害变形出现;围岩地质力学测试仪器包括小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置、围岩强度原位测量装置及钻孔窥视仪的技术特征与使用方法.论述了锚杆支护动态信息设计方法的特点与设计步骤,及面向现场工程技术人员使用的支护设计软件的组成与功能;分析了高强度锚杆支护材料的力学性能;介绍了国内锚杆施工机具的发展现状.

The research achievements in rock bolting techniques were introduced systematically. As respect to sup- porting theory, it is thought that the main functions of rock bolting lie in controlling the dilatant displacements and collapse, such as the separation, slip, cracking of surrounding rock mass in the bolting zone, keeping the completeness of surrounding rock mass to the most extent and avoiding disastrous displacements. The geomechanical measuring instruments include the hydraulic fracturing measuring kit of in-situ ground stress in small boreholes, the measuring device of in-situ rock mass strength and the borehole camera, and the technical characteristics and using methods of the geomechanical measuring instruments were described. The characteristics and procedure of the dynamic information designing method of rock bolting were addressed, and the elements and functions of the bolting designing software directing to on-site engineers also were described. The mechanical performance of high strength bolting material was analyzed, and the present developing state of the bolting machines also was introduced.