《德意志意识形态》第一卷第一篇的文本结构问题——西方马克思学实证方法与思想史科学方法的根本对立

The Text Structure of the First Chapter in German Ideology or, the Antinomy between Marxology and Marxist Scientific Method

《德意志意识形态》第一卷第一篇《费尔巴哈》是马克思主义哲学史上的重要文献,但手稿在马克思、恩格斯生前并未发表。目前对该篇手稿的编排已经有了不下十个版本。可是,《马克思恩格斯全集》历史考证版第二版(MEGA2)的编者陶伯特等人推翻了“把手稿编辑成一部著作”的传统,将《德意志意识形态》变成了由若干独立的文稿组成的论文集。这种实证主义的编辑“新思路”与西方马克思学“解构”马克思主义的理论意图一脉相承,实际上否定了《德意志意识形态》确立历史唯物主义基本原理的思想史地位。但《费尔巴哈》篇的手稿包含了马克思、恩格斯为《德意志意识形态》第一卷起草《绪论》的两次尝试,即从历史的前提(“现实的个人”和物质生产)以及人类历史的具体发展过程(所有制形式)这两个角度出发,正面阐述了历史唯物主义观点。因此,必须在正视上述文本学事实的基础上,把《费尔巴哈》篇编排为一个完整的文本,而不是独立文稿的结集。

The First Chapter in German Ideology, ＂I. Feuerbach＂, is a classic text of Marxism, but its manuscripts had not been published before the death of Marx. Until now, there have been more than 10 editions of the manuscripts of ＂I. Feuerbach＂. But, the editors of MEGA , Inge Taubert included, gave up the tradition of compiling these manuscripts into a whole work. Rather, German Ideology would be edited as a collection of individual papers. This new positive editing plan is corresponding to the intention of Marxology to deconstruct Marxism. In fact, it denies the role of German Ideology to establish the Historical Materialism. On the contrary, the manucripts include two attempts to draft out an introduction of German Ideology, that is, to set forth the basic principles of Historical Materialism from two different perspectives - one from premises of human history （real individuals and their production）, another from the way of historical development （property forms）. Therefore, we should compile ＂I. Feuerbach＂ as a whole work instead of a collection of individual papers on the basis of these text facts.