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泛素在危重病医学中的研究 被引量:3

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摘要 20世纪70年代,研究人员发现,胸腺组织以外其他组织的提取物也有着与胸腺生成素(thymopoietin)相似的促T淋巴细胞分化的作用;基于这一发现,1975年美国纽约大学医学院的Gideon Goldstein、Margrit Scheid等从牛胸腺中分离纯化出一种参与T、B淋巴细胞分化,分子量在8500左右的多肽,并证明其广泛存在于各类真核细胞中,在各物种间具有高度的结构、功能和免疫学上的相似性;Goldstein等推断这种遗传保守性是其在生命活动中发挥重要作用的一种体现,并将其命名为ubiquitous immunopoietic polypeptide(UBIP),即是后来被人们称为“泛素”(ubiquitin)的物质。虽然,关于这种由76个氨基酸组成的泛素(亦被为泛蛋白)是否具有促免疫细胞分化的作用曾存在过争议,但是进一步的研究表明,泛素及其对蛋白质的标志修饰(即泛素化,ubiquitination or ubiquityrmtion)除了参与细胞内ATP依赖的选择性蛋白质降解过程(ATP-dependent selective protein degradation,即泛素-蛋白酶体途径,ubiquitin—proteasome pathway),还与泛素依赖性的蛋白质分类(ubiquitindependent protein sorting,即膜运输membrane trafficking)等过程有关;它们介导着细胞内蛋白酶体依赖性的和非蛋白酶体依赖性的蛋白降解过程,在细胞分化、抗原呈递、细胞凋亡、热休克反应、炎症反应、蛋白质的翻译转录及相互的作用等细胞内生命活动中发挥着重要的作用。作为仅次与磷酸化的、一种重要的蛋白质转录后的修饰过程,它与磷酸化一样都有着功能多、发生迅速的特点,可以通过专门的酶(去泛素化酶deubiquitination enzymes,磷酸化为磷酸酶)逆转,同时接受着细胞外信号的调节。
作者 管向东 邢娟
出处 《中华医学杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2007年第3期213-216,共4页 National Medical Journal of China
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参考文献38

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同被引文献38

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