苦瓜化学成分的研究

Chemical constituents in immature fruits of Momordica charantia

目的研究葫芦科苦瓜属植物苦瓜Momordica charantia的未成熟果实的化学成分。方法采用树脂柱纯化,硅胶柱色谱进行分离纯化,通过理化常数和光谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从苦瓜的乙醇提取物中分离、鉴定了5个化合物的结构,分别是日耳曼醇乙酸酯(germanicyl acetate,Ⅰ)、苦瓜皂苷元(aglycone of momordico-sideⅠ,Ⅱ)、苦瓜皂苷元L(aglycone of momordicoside L,Ⅲ)、苦瓜苷(charantin,Ⅳ)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅴ)。结论化合物Ⅰ为首次从苦瓜属植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅱ为首次从苦瓜中分离得到新的天然产物,化合物Ⅲ为国内首次从苦瓜中分离得到。

Objective To study the chemical constituents in the immature fruits of Momordica charantia. Methods Isolation and purification were carried out by macroporous absorption resin and silica gel, and compounds were identified and elucidated by spectral and chemical methods. Results Ten compounds were obtained from alcohol extract and five of them were determined as germanicyl acetate （ Ⅰ ）, aglycone of momordicoside Ⅰ （ Ⅰ ）, aglycone of momordicoside L （ Ⅲ ）, charantin （ Ⅳ ）, and β-sitosterol （ Ⅴ ）. Conclusion For all the first time, compound Ⅰ is found in the plants of Momordica L. , compound Ⅱ is found as novel natural product in this plant, and compound Ⅲ is found in China.