内蒙两种源甘草种子生物学特性及播种苗生长状况的研究

Seed biological characteristics and seedling growth in Glycyrrhiza uralensis from two provenances in Mongolia

目的研究种源对甘草种子生物学特性及播种苗生长的影响,揭示种源在中药材规范化生产实践应用中的重要作用。方法采用常规方法测定不同来源甘草种子的千粒质量、含水量、种皮透性、发芽率、发芽势,播种后测定幼苗和一年生苗的生长指标。结果上海庙种源种子的千粒质量大于巴音乌素种源,上海庙种源和巴音乌素种源种子的单粒质量分别为12.3和11.7mg。巴音乌素种源种子种皮的透水性较上海庙种源强,电导率测定值是上海庙种源的2倍。上海庙种源种子的硬实率较高,种子耐贮藏性和种子活力较强。巴音乌素种源未处理种子的发芽率和发芽势高于上海庙种源,但处理后的种子发芽率和发芽势均低于上海庙种源。两种源未处理和处理过的种子均以小粒种子的发芽率和发芽势最高。两种源幼苗生长指标之间的差异达到了显著和极显著水平。上海庙种源一年生播种苗的多数生长指标略高于巴音乌素种源,但两种源之间的差异未达到显著水平。结论种源对甘草种子的物理特性、种皮的透性、种子的发芽特性有一定的影响;种源和种子大小对甘草幼苗的生长有极显著的影响,但对一年生播种苗的生长量及生物量均未产生显著影响。

Objective Effect of provenance on seed biological characteristics and seedling growth in Glycyrrhiza uralensis was studied to indicate the important role of provenance in standardization production of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Methods Indexes such as 1 000-seed weight, water content, seed capsule penetration, germination percentage, and germination potency of the seeds from various resources were determined by general ways. Growth indexes of young seedling and one-year seedling were determined. Results Between Shanghaimiao provenance and Bayinwusu provenance, 1 000-seed weight of G. uralensis in Shanghaimiao was bigger, which was 12.3 mg for the former and 11.7 mg for the latter; water penetration of seed capsule was stronger in Bayinwusu and conductance rate was twice as much as it in Shanghaimiao. Shanghaimiao seed bearing storage and seed vigor were stronger and hard seed rate was higher. Germination percentage and germination potency of untreated seed in Bayinwusu was higher than that of Shanghaimiao, but lower after treatment. Germination percentage and germination potency of smaller seeds was the highest between the two different provenances in both the untreated and treated seeds. In growth indexes of two provenances, young seedling got a significant and the most significant difference. Growth index in Shanghaimiao was higher a little, which didn＇t get to an obvious level. Conclusion The provenances have an effect on physical characteristics, seed capsule penetration, and germination properties; provenance and seed size have an obvious effect on young seedling growth but have not any effect on one-year seedling growth and biomass.