禽类性别决定与分化相关基因的研究进展

Recent Advance in Genes of Avian Sex Determination and Differentiation

禽类的性别决定机制迄今尚无定论,目前较为公认的有以下几种假说:一是W染色体上携带性别决定基因(类似于哺乳动物的SRY)决定着个体的雌性化发育;二是Z染色体上某些基因的过表达(即不受剂量补偿效应限制)引发了个体的雄性化发育;三是前2种机制共同作用。已知禽类的性别决定候选基因有W染色体上的FET1、ASW和Z染色体上的DMRT1基因。此外,常染色体上的许多基因也参与禽类的性别决定和分化过程,如SOX9,AMH,cFOXL,CYP19A1等。

At present, the mechanism of avian sex determination remains unknown. There are several hypotheses. The one is W sex chromosome carries a dominant ovary-determining gene. The second is Z-chromosome has a dosage mechanism （one Z for female, two Z for male）. The third possibility is that both mechanisms operate. This article mainly reviewed three promising candidate genes located on the sex chromosome. The Z-linked gene, DMRT1, supports the Z- dosage model of avian sex determination. Two novel W-linked genes, ASW and FET1, represent candidate female determinants. Besides, this article also discussed some genes related to avian sex determination and differentiation, i.e. soxg, AMH, cFOXL, CYP19A 1.