卫星搭载凤仙花种子诱发的变异及品种选育

Aberrance Analysis of Impatiens Balsamine Induced by Space Flight and the Cultivation of New Varieties

研究了“神舟”4号搭载的凤仙花种子的细胞和形态学变异,在SP1代发现小孢子母细胞减数分裂时出现染色体断片、染色体桥和落后染色体。在院3突变株小孢子中的染色体数目呈现大量的非减半变化,其染色体数目为1～28条不等。小孢子的形状和大小变化明显,且小孢子的大小与所含染色体的数目呈正相关。花粉的大小和育性与减数分裂的异常有某种联系。在四分孢子期的小孢子数目有多分孢子,即小孢子数除4个外,尚含有5～10个不等,个别的有三分孢子。在SP2代发现子叶形态和数量的变化;真叶除披针形外,还有短圆形、长柳叶形;另外还发现顶花叶化和顶端叶呈蔷薇花状等。通过多代的选择,已选育出“西航”1号、“西航”2号凤仙花新品种。

The aberrances of cell and morphology of impatiens balsamine induced by space flight were investigated. Lagging chromosome, dispersal chromosome and chromosomal circle were found in the course of meiosis in SP1 generation of some plants. The number of chromosomes in microspore varied from 1 to 28, and the shape and size of microspore varied greatly. The relationship between the size of microspore, the number of chromosomes and the pollen fertility was revealed. After meiosis, most pollen mother cells were developed into microspores tetrad, but with paraspores and trispores coming into being, meanwhile the number and morphology of cotylvariants was found varying in some plants. The long willow leaf-shaped and short round-shaped plants were also found. No.1 Xihang and No.2 Xihang were cultivated after three generations.