4～6岁儿童贫血患病率及相关因素分析

Analysis of prevalence rate and related factors of anaemia for preschool children aged 4 - 6 years

目的：了解合肥市学龄前儿童贫血患病率及相关影响因素，为防治学龄前儿童贫血提供依据。方法：采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，选取合肥市区8所幼儿园的1294名4-6岁儿童，测定血红蛋白、问卷调查儿童饮食行为和家长营养知识。结果：合肥市学龄前儿童血红蛋白含量为（123．76±12．95）g／L，男童略高于女童，性别间差异无显著性；贫血检出率为10．4％，不同性别、年龄间差异无显著性。贫血的影响因素中，偏食挑食是贫血的危险因素，喜吃水果、喝牛奶和家庭月收入是保护因素。结论：儿童的健康应从学龄前抓起，在幼儿园儿童及家长中开展营养知识教育，合理调整儿童饮食结构。纠正偏食、挑食的不良习惯，可以降低贫血发生率。

Objective： To study the prevalence rate of anaemia and its related factors for preschool children in Heifei city. Methods： 1 294 cases of 4 - 6 - year - old children were randomly selected from 8 kindergartens in Hefei by stratified and cluster sampling to measure hemoglobin level. Children＇s dietary behaviors were inquired from their parents. Resutlts： Hemoglobin measurements averaged （ 123.76 ± 12. 95） g/L Though the boy~ hemoglobin level was a bit higher than the girl＇s, there was no statistically significant difference in sex. The prevalence rate of anaemia was 10. 4% and the differences in sex and ages were not statistically significant. Among the four effecting factors of anaemia, partial to a limited variety of food and particular about food were risk factors, while eating fruit, drinking milk and high family economic income were protective factors. Conclusion： Advocating nutrition education to preschool children and their parents, adjusting dietary structure and correcting negative habit are effective ways to cut down the prevalence rate of anaemia.