实用逻辑的新领域

Frontiers of Practical Logic

本文区分了两种逻辑观:语言的逻辑观和智能体逻辑观,前者把逻辑看作一种关于论证(argument)的理论,而论证是一种语言结构,逻辑研究论证的结构特性;后者把逻辑看作一种关于推理(reasoning)的理论,一种关于思考者做了什么以及在他身上发生了什么的理论。实用逻辑是一种关于实践的智能体做了什么以及反思了什么的理论,它将大大地突破演绎逻辑的范围,去研究许多新的课题。

There are two generic ways of conceiving of logic, that is, the linguistic conception of logic and the agency conception of logic. The first sees logic as a set of properties defined for languages, and is focused upon a restricted class of propositional relations such as logical consequence. The other sees logic as set of properties ascribed to agents. On the agency view, logic is a theory of reasoning, a theory of what thinkers do and have happen to them. Correspondingly, which will be beyond the range of a practical logic is a theory of what practical agents think and reflect upon, deductive logic, and investigates many new topics.