“后现代主义”对“现代性”的批判与超越

The Post-modernistic Criticism of Modernity

“现代性”的基本特征是批判和自由创造的精神,可是这种精神在其发展过程中却走向了它自身的反面。“后现代主义”就是“现代性”为要彻底实现自身而进行的自我批判、自我超越,“后现代主义”孕育于“现代性”之内。“后现代主义”的特征具体表现为对传统的“主体性”概念、理性至上主义、旧形而上学的批判,而最终归结为人的自由生活一一审美生活的彻底实现。因此,美学问题和文艺评论成了“后现代主义”的主要话题。文章专门以著名后现代主义思想家德里达对语音中心主义的批判和后现代主义的文艺理论为例,具体说明了“后现代主义”的彻底批判精神和自由创造精神。作者认为,“后现代主义”尽管有些过激之谈和片面性,但其彻底批判和不断自我超越的精神,却是值得赞赏和吸取的。

The distinguishing characteristics of modernity are its critical spirit and free creativity. It, however, moved towards its opposite during its development. It lost its very own. The post-modernism is the self-criticism and self-transcendence of modernity. The task of post-modernism is to put into effect the critical spirit and free creativity of modemity through and through. The main features of post-modernism are criticisms of traditional concepts of ＂subjectivity＂, ＂universal＂ and ＂rationalism＂, and, in the final analysis, the realization of free and unrestrained human living or an aesthetic living. So, the main topics of post-modernism are aesthetics problem and literary and art criticism. The article illustrates the post-modernistic criticism of modernity with example of Derrida＇ s criticism of traditional phonocentrism. The author maintains that the throughout critical and self-transcending spirit of post- modernism is worthy of great praise, in spite of its onesidedness and extremist opinion.