明清易代与《圆圆曲》

Ming-Qing Dynasty and YuanYuan Qu

吴梅村《圆圆曲》,作于明清易代期间。历来论者,皆以“冲冠一怒为红颜”为讥刺吴三桂,虽然不误,却不免失之皮相。结合明清之际史实读《圆圆曲》,互相参证,诗人创作之幽怀孤抱乃得昭然:盖借圆圆之遭际,抒兴亡之悲恨,于当日民族之劫难作沉痛之反思,表层刺吴讽陈,深层刺清,于崇祯帝自杀弃国之不智,深致惋惜,并责及李自成军之“荒宴”,故不能承担内安外攘之历史责任。诗人的立场是民族的立场,而非仅明朝遗民的立场。

YuanYuanQu, a poem of Wu Meicun, was made by during the period of Ming-Qing Dynasty. The poem was regarded as as a character sketch of Wu Sangui with a sarcastic tone. This viewpoint is right, not penetrating though . Based on related historic events, the poet＇ s regret for unfailfilled ambition was clear. With the narration of YuanYuan＇ s story, the poet expressed his grief for the collapse a sarcastic narration of the story of Wu sangui and YuanYuan , The poet also expressed his deep regret for Emperor of Ming Dynasty. The poem seems to aim at giving but the sarcastic tone is for Qing Dynasty actually. Chongzhen＇ s suicide and giving up the country.. He blamed Huang Yan＂ in Li Zicheng＇ s army as well. The poet stood in the position of the whole nation, out just as a common person who lost his own country.