论比较诗学及其他者视域的异质文化与非我因素

the Heterogeneous Culture and Non-self Factors from Other Perspectives in Comparative Poetics

在全球化时代的汉语学术界,比较诗学研究是中外文论走向汇通性研究所展开的主流方向,比较视域是比较诗学在学科研究上得以安身立命的本体,他者视域是比较视域构成的内在品质,他者视域在比较诗学研究中秉有的两种文化立场。异质文化是比较文学研究者以及国际汉学家所使用的一个专用术语,以语言与民族血亲关系的本质差异性而言,东方文化与西方文化在本质上互为异质文化,即两者互为异类,对方都是自己的非我因素。比较诗学研究者诉求跳出本土学术研究领域的单边文化主义,主张以一种异质文化与非我因素的开放眼光来从事普适性的、整体性的、国际性的中外诗学研究,从而规避本土文论研究的一元性和惟民族性。比较诗学研究中的比较视域主张中外诗学研究之间的相互看视,主张中外诗学双方之间互为他者,认同一个民族的诗学相对于另一个民族诗学来说,两者之间就像镜与灯一样,可以相互镜照与相互照亮。交集理论是比较诗学在学科理论建设上简明及有效回答视域融合及比较研究如何可能的学理观念。

In the era of globalized Sinology, comparative poetic studies epitomizes the mainstream in converging developments in literary studies at home and abroad, and the comparative perspective is the ontology upon which comparative poetics exists. The Other perspective forms the innate essence of comparative poetics and thus possesses viewpoints of two cultures. Heterogeneous culture is a specialized term utilized internationally by comparativists and Sinologists. In terms of the essential difference in linguistic and ethnic makeup, the oriental culture and occidental culture can be mutually treated as Other cultures, i.e., the two cultures can treat each other as Other or Non-self factors. Researchers of comparative poetics strive to break through the confinement of cultural unilateralism and advocate an open perspective that embraces heterogeneous cultures and non-self factors in researches. Such a comparative poetics should be internationally applicable while avoiding cultural monism and nationalism. This perspective of comparative poetics encourages mutual scrutiny from both Chinese poetics and foreign poetics, treating each other as the Other. Identification with one national poetics in light of another, much like a mirror and a lamp, can reflect and illuminate each other. The inter-section theory is an effective answer to perspective fusion as well as applicability of comparative studies in constructing comparative poetics as a field of studies.