中国耕地资源区域变化态势分析

Analyzing Regional Changes of the Cultivated Land in China

本文采用1996年-2004年全国土地利用变更调查数据和同期各地类的流向数据，对我国耕地资源8年来变化流向情况及耕地资源增加和减少的来源构成进行了分析。井着重分析了我国非农建设用地占用耕地情况。研兜结果表明，1996年。2004年间全国共有9＋3％的耕地转移为非耕地。全国耕地转移的速率是平均每年转移1．03％，同期全国共新增耕地2．93％，耕地年平均新增速率是0．33％。综合耕地转移和新增结果，1996年-2004年间全国共12．24％的耕地发生了变化，其年平均变化速率是1．36％。进一步分析表明，我国耕地减少的主要原因是生态退耕。而耕地增加主要是由于土地开发和农业结构调整，且耕地流向变化具有明显的区域特征。此外，我圈非农建谩占用耕地的势头加速增长，且以独立工矿用地和城镇扩展占用耕地较严重。江苏、山东、浙江、河南、河北和广东等经济发达地区和粮食主产区非农建谩占用耕地尤为突出，国家粮食安全受到严重威胁。

China＇s rapid economic development has posed a great impact on the mode of land use during the last few years. Therefore, many researchers have attached great importance to the study of cultivated land change. Based on the detailed data of current land use and the land conversion data between different land types during 1996 ~ 2004 at provincial levels, the changes of cultivated land and the proportion of cultivated land decrease and the sources of land increase in China were discussed in this paper. It was found that 9.3 percent of cultivated land had been converted to other land use types during the period of 1996--2004 in China with an annual conversion rate of 1.03 percent. The increase of cultivated land occupied 2.93 percent in the same period, and the average annual increase rate was 0.33 percent. In conclusion, 12.24 percent of cultivated land changed during 1996 -2004 in China, and the average annual change rate was 1.36 percent. Further analysis indicated that the conversion of farmland into forestland and grassland was the main reason leading to the decrease of cultivated land. Moreover, land exploitation and agricultural structure adjustment caused the increase of cultivated land, and the direction of the cultivated land changed toward was different in different regions. Lastly, the analysis showed that the occupation of cultivated land for urban construction use was accelerated. Especially, the occupation of cultivated land for industrial use and town enlargement were more serious. In economically developed regions and the main food supply regions including Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Henan, Hebei and Guangdong Provinces, occupation of cultivated land for non-agriculture use were especially severe. As a result, it will have an important effect on China＇s food safety. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen intensive use of land resources. The analytical results and conclusions of this paper will play an important role in understanding of the position of cultivated land supporting the economical development in China.