宁夏固原地区退耕还林还草与粮食安全问题探析

Analysis on Returning Land for Farming to Forestry and Grass Planting and Food Security in Guyuan District,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

从生态安全角度出发,以最小人均耕地和耕地压力指数为基础,建立了宁夏固原地区粮食安全预警机制。以原州区为例进行了实证分析,指出原州区头营镇和黑城镇属危机区、彭堡镇属警戒区、其它乡镇属安全区。针对各区资源禀赋和面临的问题,提出了退耕还林还草的调控措施,对于安全区,应致力于促进各乡内资源的深度开发,实现各乡自给性生产与商品性生产的协调发展;对于警戒区,适当缩小年退耕面积,采取稳定增产与发展经济相结合的策略方针;对于危机区,粮食安全已经出现严重危机,必须实行分步骤退耕,以尽量降低退耕对粮食安全所造成的不利影响。

Soil erosion is serious in the loess hilly-gully region of Guyuan District, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the modulus of soil erosion in the district varies in a range of 5 000- 7 500 t· km^- 2·a^- 1, and the gully density is 1.33-4.0 km·km^-2. Thus, soil erosion becomes more and more serious, the soil fertility is decreased, and the grain production and the sustainable economic development are restrieted. Considering from ecological seeurity, in this paper the prewaming system for food security in Yuanzhou District is developed based on the indexes of minimum area of cultivated land per capita and farmland pressure. After analyzing the situation of food security, it is considered that Touying Town and Heieheng Town belong to the dangerous area, Pengpu Town belongs to the cautionary area, and other townships and towns belong to the safe area. Based on the conditions of natural resources and the existing problems of all the townships and towns, some measures are put forward for implementing the project of returning land for farming to forestry and grass planting. For the safe area, it is suggested to promote the intensified exploitation of natural resources so as to？ achieve the harmonious development of self-supply production and commercial production; for the cautionary area, it is suggested to reduce the area of returning land for farming to forestry and grass planting, and the policy of increasing crop yield and developing economy should be taken; for the dangerous area, the project of returning land for farming to forestry and grass planting should be implemented step by step.