深圳市社区健康促进模式的试点建设及效果评价

Establishment and Evaluation of Community Health-Promoting Model in Shenzhen

目的探索创建具有深圳市特点的社区健康促进模式。方法选择深圳市福田区下沙社区作为试点,以社区健康服务为健康促进平台,以8项卫生保健知识知晓率和10项卫生行为形成率为观察指标,同时对社区内主要健康问题、重点人群主要健康教育需求进行干预及效果评价。结果经过3年干预,社区居民的健康知识、行为水平有较大提高。干预前健康知识知晓率为68.82%,干预后为75.73%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。干预前健康行为形成率为54.15%,干预后为58.46%,差异亦有显著性意义(P<0.01)。社区高血压、糖尿病控制情况:高血压患者的血压有效控制率由2002年的62.07%提高到2005年的84.15%;糖尿病患者的血糖有效控制率由2002年的62.50%提高到2005年的68.18%。育龄妇女RTIs防治知识干预前、后的效果比较:对RTIs知识的总知晓率由干预前的55.9%上升至干预后的69.6%;育龄妇女相关行为的正确率由干预前的67.3%上升至干预后的78.7%;育龄妇女RTIs患病率由干预前的33.6%下降至干预后的27.2%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论政府支持、部门协助、卫生部门牵头、社区参与、规划设计、监测评价是深圳市行之有效的社区健康促进工作模式。

Objective To explore the establishment of community health - promoting model with the local characteristics in Shenzhen. Methods Xiasha Community in Futian district of Shenzhen was selected as the trial place, the community health service was taken as a health - promoting platform, the correct ratio of eight kinds of health care knowledge and the formation ratio of ten kinds of hygiene behavior were used as observation indexes, evaluates the intervention effect to the main health problems and the main demands of key population for health education. Results After three - year intervention the health knowledge and behavior level of community population were promoted evidently. The awareness ratio of the health knowledge increased from 68.82% to 75.73%, with a significant difference （ P 〈0. 01 ）. The formation ratio of health behavior also increased from 54. 15% to 58.46%, with a significant difference （ P 〈0.01 ）. The control ratio of blood pressure in hypertensive patients went up from 62. 07% in 2002 to 84. 15% in 2005, and the control ratio blood sugar in diabetic patients went up from 62.50% in 2002 to 68. 18% in 2005. The awareness ratio of reproductive tract infections in child - bearing women increased from 55.9% to 69. 6%, the correct ratio of their relative behavior increased from 67. 3% to 78.7%, and the morbidity of reproductive tract infections decreased from 33.6% to 27. 2%, with a significant difference （ P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion The support by the government, cooperation among departments, leading role of the public health department, participation of community, planning and design, monitoring and evaluation, are an effective community health - promoting model in Shenzhen.