犬与鼠脑血管痉挛病变的比较研究

Acomparative study on cerebral vasospasm between dogs and rats

探讨犬与鼠之间脑血管痉挛病变的不同特点。采用２次枕大孔注血致蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）后迟发性脑血管痉挛（ＤＣＶＳ）犬的模型，及３次视神经孔注血致ＳＡＨ鼠的模型，对２种模型做了病理观察及形态定量的比较研究。结果显示，ＤＣＶＳ犬基底动脉的管腔明显缩小（Ｐ＜０．０１），管壁明显增厚（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＳＡＨ鼠中动脉的管腔无狭窄（Ｐ＞０．０５），管壁无增厚（Ｐ＞０．０５）。病理观察发现ＤＣＶＳ犬比ＳＡＨ鼠的脑动脉病变明显严重。提示ＤＣＶＳ犬的模型恒定、可靠、发生率高。ＳＡＨ鼠的模型不易产生ＤＣＶＳ，故较适用于ＳＡＨ急性期的实验研究。

A double-hemorrhage canine model and a triple-hemorrhage rat model were designed to investigate the differences of morphological changes of cerebral arteries following subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).The main intracranial arteries from the two model were examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy,and measured by computer-assisted quantitative analysis.Results:(1)The morphometric analysis demonstrated that there were significant reductions in the ratios of luminalcross sectional area(P<0.01)and increases in the ratios of wall thickness-radium(P<0.05)in the cerebral arteries of the dogs with DCVS,but there were no differentiation in those of the rats after SAH(P>0.05).(2) The histological examination had revealed that the morphologic changes of the cerebral arteries in the dogs with DCVS were markedly severe than those in the rats with SAH.conclusion:these data suggest that DCVS induced by two cisternal injection in dogs is the model of reliability with high incidence.The rat model induced by three cisternal injection has limited applicability to the study of SAH.