介孔分子筛在生物酶固定化中的应用

Mesoporous molecular sieves used for the immobilization of enzymes

综述了MCM-48和SBA-15等新型介孔分子筛用生物酶固定化载体研究的新进展。介孔分子筛由于拥有巨大的比表面积（-1000m^2／g）、纳米尺寸孔道（2～50m）和较大的孔容（～1．0cm^3／g），因此以分子筛为载体利用物理吸附制备的固定化酶呈现出高的催化活性，但固定化酶操作稳定性较低，在使用过程中部分酶分子发生了脱落，其原因是分子筛表面自由的硅羟基通过物理吸附或氢键作用固定酶分子。借助介孔分子筛自身的自由硅羟基在表面嫁接-COOH、-NH2、-CH=CH2等有机官能团来构筑酶固定化的微环境，改善酶分子和载体的亲和作用，提高固定化酶的活性。目前，利用有机官能团功能化介孔分子筛固定化酶是研究发展的趋势。

This article reviews the recent progress on mesoporous molecular sieves （MCM-48 and SBA-15 ） for the immobilization of enzymes. The physically immobilized enzymes have a higher catalytic activity due to their high surface area（ - 1000 m^2/g） ,nanosized pore channel （2 -50 nm） and larger pore volume （- 1.0 cm^3/g）. However,the immobilized enzymes presented poor continuous operation stability,the silanol groups on the surface of the sieves immobilizations of enzymes via physical adsorption or hydrogen bonding interaction, a part of enzyme molecules were leached out from the supports in continuous use. The - COOH, - NH2, - CH = CH2 grafted on the surface of sieves through free silanol groups could provide a suitable environment for immobilization of enzymes, enhance enzymatic activity ,and improve affinity between enzymes and supports. Thus the functionalized mesoporous molecular sieves show an application prospect on immobilization of enzymes at present.