厦门湾的物种研究

Study of Species in Xiamen Bay

厦门湾自然海湾湾口从围头到镇海角.对该湾物种的研究已有140多年历史,大致分为3个阶段:达尔文时代至厦门大学建校、厦门大学建校至厦门解放、厦门解放至现在.至今,已记录5 713个物种.这些物种多数已无法考证其原产地,其中有26种(类)是近代进入厦门湾的国外外来物种.凡纳滨对虾、眼斑拟石首鱼、欧洲鳗鲡、罗非鱼等外来种已成为厦门湾的重要养殖种或品种.互花米草占据九龙江口养殖滩涂,是外来入侵种.沙饰贝也是吊养的外来入侵种,但养殖业已在变害为利.许多船底污损生物和外轮压舱水及水舱沉积物中的甲藻孢囊,是外来入侵种.对外轮压舱水和沉积物的排放,需严加监管.

The natural coastline of Xiamen Bay extends from Weitou Cape to Zhenbai Cape. The study of species in Xiamen Bay has started since some 140 years ago,comprising 3 phases：Darwinian period, cstablishment of Xiamen University to liberation（establishment of the People＇s Republic of China）,and from liberation to the present. To-date,a total of 5 731 species have been recorded. The original areas of most of these species cannot be identified. Of these, 26 species（types） are alien species introduced from overseas to Xiamen Bay. White leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, Sciaenops ocellatus fish, Europeaneel Anguilla anguilla and Orechroms spp. ,etc. have become important culture or local species in Xiamen Bay. Spartina alterniflora an alien species,occupies the mudflat at the mouth of Jiulong River. Mytilopsis sallei is also an alien species,but has been turned to become a beneficial culture species locally. Many fouling organisms on the ship hulls and Pyrrophyta cysts in ballast water and suspended solids from ocean vessels are alien species. Hence, strict control of discharge of ballast water and suspended solids should be implemented.