中国海水鱼类核型研究概述

Review on Karyotype Study of Marine Fishes in China

染色体是遗传物质的载体,是细胞中最重要的结构.研究染色体的形态和结构,有助于了解生物的遗传组成、遗传变异规律和发育机制,而且对预测种间杂交和多倍体育种的结果、了解性别遗传机理以及基因组数、物种起源、进化和种族关系的鉴定都有重要的参考价值.我国从上世纪70年代初开始淡水鱼类染色体的研究,海水鱼类染色体的研究相对较晚,1987年才见到海水鱼染色体研究的相关报道,至今近20年中,已经对7目24科76种海产鱼类的核型进行了研究,约占我国近3 100种海水鱼类的2.4%.本文简要概述了近20年来我国海水鱼类染色体核型的研究状况,包括研究种类,采用的研究方法,并对我国海水鱼类核型研究中存在的问题进行探讨.

The chromosome is the most important construction in the cell, which is the carrier of germplasm. Investigating the chromosome is beneficial to understand the constitute of germplasm,the regulation of heredity and variation ,and the growth mechanism. The research on karyotypes of freshwater fish chromosome has started in 1970＇s in China. The first article about marine fish karyotype wasn＇t reported until 1987. Since then,76 species of marine fishes have been analyzed. This article summarized the studies on karyotypes of marine fishes in China during the past near 20 years.