中国环境行政执法能力建设现状调查与问题分析

Survey on the Capacity of Environmental Administrative Enforcement in China

环境行政执法能力建设正成为中国环境行政管理体制建设的一个重点.中国已建立起一个四级环境执法体系,最新成立的区域环境督查中心标志着中国环境行政执法体制建设又迈出了新的一步.对85个执法机构,162家企业就环境行政执法机构的人力投入、资金支持、技术保障、执法手段、执法产出、执法阻力、社会动员和企业激励8个方面进行了问卷和访谈形式的调查.从省、市、县三级执法角度全面分析了中国环境行政执法各方面存在的问题.研究认为,中国的环境行政执法总体而言已经建立起一个完备的框架,各地对环境执法日益重视,环境行政执法能力得到了提高;但是环境行政执法随着经济发展、公众环境意识的提高面临着越来越大的压力,承担的任务也更为繁重.为了应对挑战,环境法律、体制和各方面的投入以及执法理念都要进一步改进.

Administrative enforcement practice plays an increasingly important role in environmental management in China. Many efforts have been made, one of which is the establishment of five region enforcement centers throughout the country, in addition to the existing 4-level nation-wide environmental enforcement system. A survey of totally 85 local enforcement institutions at three levels （provincial, city and county） and 162 enterprises was conducted on： staging, financial resources, equipment and technical supports, enforcement instruments, enforcement outcomes, resistance, public involvement and economic incentives. It＇ s concluded that progress has been made in overall environmental enforcement framework in China, more attention been given to local environmental enforcement and improvement been made in local environmental enforcement capacity, much more needs to be done in the area of legal status, institutional arrangement, overall governance system, available resources, and the overall importance given on environmental enforcement.