我国固体废物的管理体制问题分析

Environmental Governance Analysis of China's Solid Wastes Management

随着经济的发展和城市化水平的提高,固体废物的产生量迅速膨胀,其已成为制约社会和经济持续健康发展的瓶颈.以政策过程为主线,主要在责任界定、政策制定、政策执行和效果监督等环节上对城市生活垃圾、工业固体废物、危险废物和进口固体废物这4种重要的固体废物管理中存在的问题进行分析.结果表明,城市生活垃圾和工业固体废物管理中最亟待解决的问题均在于管理责任机制不明确;危险废物管理中最显著的困难在于国内相关法律法规还不健全、存在监管漏洞;进口固体废物管理中关注的重点是电子垃圾非法贸易问题.针对以上问题,给出了相应的政策建议,以促进固体废物管理体制基础的完善.

With the rapid economic growth in China, the generation of solid wastes has expanded dramatically, threatening the development of the economy and human society. This paper gives a problem analysis for four important kinds of solid wastes in their management. The four kinds of solid wastes include municipal solid wastes, industrial solid wastes, hazardous wastes and imported solid wastes. The views in the paper mainly include firstly, unclear responsibility mechanism is the most urgent problem to be solved both in the management of municipal solid wastes and industrial wastes. Secondly, lack of well legal system and efficient supervision mechanism is the largest diglculty in the management of hazardous wastes. Thirdly, forbiddance of electronic wastes trade is the focus in the management of imported solid wastes. Based on the problems identification, recommendations have been Out forward to improve the institutional basis of solid wastes management.