中国北部沿海高盐度地区人工湿地植物研究

Research on Plants of Constructed Wetland in Salty Seashore Area at the North of China

研究目的:解决我国北部沿海高盐度地区微咸水采用人工湿地污水处理系统时所需要植物类型和种类的问题。研究方法:选定几种具有耐盐性的植物,采用在实验室内模拟人工基材无土栽培植物的方式进行试验筛选,在对试验数据进行分析的基础上选出所需要植物类型和种类。研究结果:得出了可以用作中国北部沿海高盐度地区微咸水人工湿地污水处理系统的植物,选出了耐盐性和脱氮除磷效果均好的植物。研究结论:(1)香蒲、睡莲、水葱、美人蕉、千屈菜和黄花鸢尾都可以用作中国北部沿海高盐度地区微咸水人工湿地污水处理系统的植物,其中以黄花鸢尾耐盐性最好。(2)香蒲、睡莲、水葱、美人蕉和黄花鸢尾都具有较高的脱氮除磷效果,其中以黄花鸢尾处理效果最好。(3)黄花鸢尾耐盐性和脱氮除磷效果好,并且具有很好的景观效益,可以在我国北方土壤盐碱化地区推广应用。

Research purposes： The purposes are to find suitable plants for constructed wetland in salty seashore area at the North of China. Research methods：Some firstly chosen plants with salinity tolerance are made trial in lab. And suitable plants are chosen by the analysis of trial results. Research results：Plants for constructed wetland in salty seashore area at the North of China and the preferential one with high salinity tolerance and good removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphor are chosen. Research conclusions： （ 1 ） Typha orientalis, Nymphaea tetragona, Lythrum salicaria, Scirpus tabemaemontani, Canna generalis and Iris pseudoacorus are chosen as suitable plants for constructed wetland in salty seashore area at the North of China, and in which Iris pseudoacorus is with high salinity tolerance. （2） As plants for constructed wetland in salty seashore area, Typha orientalis, Nymphaea tetragona, Scirpus tabernaemontani, Canna generalis and Iris pseudoacorus are of high removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphor and Iris pseudoacorus is the preferential one. （3） Iris pseudoacorus, which generally has a long florescence of five or six months and has a characteristic of cold - resistant, could be the preferential plant for constructed wetland in salty seashore area at the North of China, not only with high salinity tolerance and removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphor but also with good landscaping benefits. （4） Typha orientalis, Nymphaea tetragona, Scirpus tabernaemontani, Canna generalis as plants for constructed wetland in salty seashore area and Iris pseudoacorus as the preferential one for constructed wetland could be chosen for the areas with saline - alkali soil at the North of China.