论语义分析对确定同源词的作用——以蒙古语族和满—通古斯语族语言为例

On the Role of Semantic Analysis on Defining Cognates:Taking the Languages of Mongolian Language Group and Man-Tungusic Language Group as Examples

阿尔泰语系研究已有一百多年的历史,历史比较法得到了充分的实践。尽管如此,直到现在同源词的存在仍受到怀疑,历史比较法的基本原则依然遭到质疑。以往的研究对语音对应规律的关注要比对语义的关注多得多。在重新审视阿尔泰语系比较研究方法、进一步探索方法的突破时,语义相近原则应得到重视。语义分析的作用主要有三个方面:有利于重新审视历史比较法、与语音对应规律的协同作用、为辨别同源和借用提供理据。

There have been over a hundred years of research on the Altai language family, in which the historical comparative way has been applied fully. However, until now the existence of cognates and the basic rules of historical comparative way have still deserved doubts. In the previous research, more attention was paid to pronunciation Corresponding rule than to semantic. When we review the comparative research of Altai language family and try to explore The main role of semantic analysis historical comparative way; it can nish theoretical evidence for us to new way, the principle of similar semantic should be given more attention. can be divided into following three aspects： it can be used to review anew play common role with the pronunciation corresponding; and it can also furdistinguish cognate or borrowed words.