价值体系中的堕胎规制——生命权与自我决定权、国家利益的宪法考量

On the Abortion Regulation in the Values System: A Balance between Right to Life and Right to Serf-Determination, State Interest in the Constitution

堕胎的规制模式大致可分为国家放任模式、国家许可模式和有限制的国家放任模式。这些模式的背后都有着自身的一些独特考量,模式的选取与其社会传统、对胎儿是否为人、宪法权利是否具有积极性、国家是否负有某种保护义务等诸多因素的认知密切相关。目前我国基本上是放任孕妇堕胎。然而,宪法却要求国家履行其对生命的保护义务。鉴于法律应该在社会现实和价值诉求之间寻求合理的互动和对话,我国应该在保护胎儿的生命、孕妇的自我决定权以及国家利益之间进行更为适当的权衡,对我国所施行的堕胎规制模式做出适当的调整。

There are three kinds of regulating abortion modes： freedom, licence and limited freedom. Each mode is chosen closely related with its social tradition, whether embryo is a human being, whether constitutional rights have the character of positivity and whether the country has protective duty. At present, China belongs to the freedom mode but our Constitution requires the state should protect life. Considering laws should bridge between social fact and value, we should keep a due balance among embryo＇s life, female＇s right to self- determination and state interest, and adjust our present regulation mode.